Social Context of Dementia Essay Example

Social Context of Dementia Essay Social Context of Dementia Name: Course: Institution: We will write a custom essay sample on Social Context of Dementia specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Social Context of Dementia specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Social Context of Dementia specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Instructor: Date: Social Context of Dementia Dementia refers to a decline in a person’s mental abilities such as memory and thinking capacity. It occurs because of the physical changes that occur on the brain due to damaged brain cells. This affects the person’s ability to perform their daily tasks. Dementia also affects communication and language, ability to pay attention, visual perception, judgment, and reasoning (Duggleby et al, 2009). One of the most common types of dementia is Alzheimer’s, which accounts for 60-80% of dementia cases. Alzheimer’s affects a person’s behavior, and this has a negative effect on the person’s health and social relationships. People suffering from dementia have problems remembering things, and this makes it especially hard for those living with them. Symptoms often develop slowly, and they continue to worsen. In this review I will discuss how dementia does not only affect a person’s identity, but it also affects family, friends and the community i n different ways. People suffering from Alzheimer’s are not able to take care of themselves properly because of the limitations of their cognitive abilities. This places a huge burden on the people who take care of them. The caregivers have to ensure that patients are okay, and they cannot leave the patients alone (La Fountaine et al, 2007). Caregivers experience physical, mental, psychosocial, and spiritual stress. Some of the physical problems caused by Alzheimer’s include a decrease in the response of the immune system, high risks of developing high blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases, high rates of depression and anxiety symptoms and sleep interruptions. Patients depend on their family members to take care of them, although some of them are institutionalized. Family members are saddened when the patient does not recognize them. Caregivers are often stressed and exhausted when taking care of patients. Some of them are in a dilemma, and do not know what to do since they have to take care of patients. This makes them feel trapped and helpless because they cannot find a solution to their problems. They have to alter their lives, and their social life changes. They do not have as much freedom as they used to since they have to take constant care of the patient (Duggleby et al., 2009). Spouses have a hard time dealing with their partners who have dementia, especially when patients have not been diagnosed. Patients forget their partners and they forget their responsibilities. The period before diagnosis is especially challenging and trying for families. It is a period of misunderstanding, irritation, conflict, and tension in the home. Spouses do not understand why their partners have to keep forgetting things, and the patients do not understand why their partners keep blaming everything on them. Memory loss is a big problem, and the person who forgets often feels frustrated (Duggleby et al., 2009). They have a hard time doing basic things around the house because they cannot remember. Before diagnosis, children are often irritated with the parent who has dementia and they resent them for the negative behavioral changes. Parents with dementia do not pay attention to their children. It is especially hard for children if their parents do not remember them. They do not understand why their parents have to behave the way they do, and this causes conflict in the home. It becomes worse when patients become inconsistent with their thoughts or how they talk. This inconsistent behavior is a good sign of suspecting dementia (Deliane et al., 2011). Caregivers have a hard time taking care of patients. Despite this, many caregivers find meaning and joy when taking care of their family members. They feel devoted to them, and they feel that they have to keep hope alive. Hope is important for caregivers who are taking care of their families. This is not only the case with caregivers who are taking care of patients with dementia, but also to the caregivers taking care of patients with terminal diseases. It balances the stress the caregivers experience and maintaining their well-being. It gives them an inner strength, and they feel motivated to keep on taking care of patients. It gives them the physical and mental strength they need to continue taking care of their patients. Caregivers hope that the patient’s condition will not get worse rather than hoping that it will improve (Deliane et al., 2011). The hope that caregivers have is more for themselves rather than for the patients. They are, therefore, concerned when this hope starts fading. They worry that they will not be able to go on, and they will not find the encouragement they need to continue. Caregivers have to find ways of renewing their hope. They talk to other family members, friends, and people who are going through the same things that they are experiencing. Caregivers learn from one another and encourage each other. Caregivers renew their hope by coming to terms with the situation. They learn more about the condition and understand it better. They learn things such as maintenance and treatment of the condition. This helps them to have a realistic view of the situation. They know what is possible, and how they can improve the patient’s condition. Caregivers get encouraged when they know that they are doing their best to take care of patients. Once they face the situation, they begin finding positive things. Some patients are happy when they observe small changes in the patient’s condition. Any instance of positive change from the patient encourages them. They are happy when the patient’s heath does not worsen. The caregivers set short-term goals as a way of renewing their hope (Duggleby et al., 2009). Families are important, and in most cases, they provide better care giving than institutions. Having a positive relationship with their children provides patients with attachment, recognition and positive outlook (Surr, 2006). Dementia affects a person’s identity and personality, mostly in negative ways (Surr, 2006). Before diagnosis, patients go through periods of denial, and they might convince themselves that they are not suffering from the condition. Some patients feel the need to cover up their condition, and they end up lying to their families. It may take considerable time before the patients agree to seek medical help. Caregivers may have different explanations concerning the patient’s condition. They give reasons such as stress, depression, change of environment, and old age among others. In most cases, the caregivers are the ones who seek for medical intervention, rather than the patients. The patients do not think that there is anything wrong with them, and they may refuse to seek any medical help. The patients do not remember their actions, and they do not think that they have done anything wrong. Some of them live in denial as a way of protecting themselves. They think that everyone is against them, when people tell them things that they cannot remember. Therefore, they choose to hide their problem to avoid any negative attention for their symptoms. This affects the person’s personality because the person will find ways of lying and deceiving their families, friends, and colleagues at work (Deliane et al., 2011). Some patients tend to contradict what they. They confuse statements since they cannot remember what they previously said. A wife may not recognize her husband. He or she may talk about past events and make them look like they are currently happening. If they are corrected and anyone suggests they are unwell, they might become violent. Some of them have to be taken to hospital under coercion. All these changes make these people look different and it changes their personality (Surr, 2006). Sometimes it becomes hard for families to accept the changes. Patients tend to deny any mistakes they have done, cover up any deficits in their cognitive abilities, and undermine any difficulties they may be experiencing (Deliane et al., 2011). Some of the patients suffering from dementia may also become aggressive because they do not remember the people around them. They might think that the people are taking advantage of them, or that they want to harm them. Memory loss leads to behavior change, and this affects the person’s personality. He or she cannot remember the most obvious things. For instance, a mother will have a hard time in recognizing their children. Alzheimer’s affects the community in different ways (Deliane et al., 2011). These effects may be economic loss realized from the loss of jobs once a person is diagnosed with the condition. Patients become less productive in their work. They are unable to perform the simple and routine tasks they used to, since they cannot remember the processes. They have more conflicts with their colleagues because they develop short-term memory loss. They will therefore do something, and then forget that they are the ones who had done it. This affects the work environment. The situation worsens if the management or the colleagues at work do not know of the patient’s problems. Some patient’s end up becoming stressed and depressed because of the conditions at work, and this worsens their conditions further (Deliane et al., 2011). People in different cultures have different perception of Alzheimer’s. Some societies view dementia in a negative way. They are more likely to stigmatize people with dementia and develop negative stereotypes because they do not understand the condition (Surr, 2006). This negative perception is not good for people with dementia, and it worsens their condition. When the patients experience negative stereotypes, they tend to age more quickly, and their memory performance worsens. This is because they become upset and frustrated with their environment and treatment from people (Surr, 2006). The stigmatization happens because people in the community find it hard to cope with dementia patients. The community isolates the patients and their caregivers. Due to the embarrassment of these patients and their caregivers, they are unable to seek formal services for help. Many patients are at home using informal treatment instead of seeking professional help. The notion of assuming it is normal for old people to have dementia is another reason for using informal treatments. A large number of these patients are dying quickly because they do not seek professional help when dealing with the condition. The Western culture has some understanding of dementia. They know it is a medical condition brought by a number of diseases. People are also aware of services offered to dementia patients and their caregivers. The best way to begin to handle this condition is accepting the situation and to seek help. Different health institutions have helped patients and others who have sought their help. They help patients to deal with their social life and advice the caregivers on how to adjust smoothly. Some of the services relevant to dementia patients are nursing homes for old people. They are good caregivers to patients suffering from Alzheimer’s and other dementia patients. Family and friends can visit them in the nursing homes (Surr, 2006). Some cultures mostly consider dementia as normal stage of old age (La Fontaine et al., 2007). Others view it as mental disability. Different communities have varied definitions of dementia. Generally, it is a shame to have a dementia and it is not easily accepted. This is why patients are stigmatized and some are even neglected. There is need to create awareness of this condition to educate people about it. People might change their attitude when they understand better about dementia. Some have developed negative attitudes because they just adopted the beliefs they found in the community. The Indian communities, dementia problems are contributed by negligence of the patient and the family. It is advised that such communities should deal with family problems and overcome them. There is inadequate knowledge of dementia illness. Other physical and emotional problems are understood but there is little knowledge about dementia. This is why these communities isolate and discriminate dementia patients. Old people withdraw themselves from the rest of the community. This is why it seems acceptable to stigmatize dementia patients (La Fontaine et al., 2007). The community should take time to understand dementia conditions and change any negative attitude towards these patients. They are part of the community and they should not be isolated. It is unacceptable for children to abandon their parents or any relative because they think they are mentally ill. Dementia should be approached with a lot of understand and support to the patients. Regardless of lack of treatment to some conditions like Alzheimer’s disease, patients can live longer. This will happen if they are given enough care by those who are with them (La Fontaine et al, 2007). Around the world, more people that are elderly are reporting cases of dementia. People who are forty years of age are still prone but their chances are minimal compared to those who are more than sixty-five. Families with the elderly should learn more about dementia and prepare in case one of the members become affected. All people within these ages prone to this condition should also be aware of it and accept th3e changes in case they become affected. Dementia is hereditary and most probable in families, which has a history of it. People should stop viewing dementia as mental illness. This will help them eliminate the attitude of stigmatization towards the affected people (La Fontaine, 2007). It has been observed that dementia patients lose close relationship with people. This is a common characteristic of how communities treat these patients. It is recommended that people should maintain these relationships for the welfare of the patient. He or she should continue experiencing the same kind of environment as before. However, it is difficult to maintain the environment as it was, since the rest of the family and friends become affected by the change. A family with dementia patient should seek counseling to help them cope with the changes. References: Deliane, V., Vugt, E. M., Bakker, C., Koopmans, R. T. et al. (2011). Caregivers’ perspectives on the pre-diagnostic period in early onset dementia: A long and winding road. International Psychogeriatrics 23, (9), 1393-1404 Duggleby, W., Williams, A., Wright, K., Bollinger, S. (2009). Renewing everyday hop: The hope experience of family caregivers of persons with dementia. Issues in Mental Health Nursing 30, 518-521 La Fontaine, J., Ahuja, J., Bradbury,N. M., et al. 2007. Understanding dementia amongst people in minority ethnic and cultural and cultural groups. Journal of Advanced Nursing Volume 60, Issue 6, pages 605–614. Surr, A. C. (2006). Preservation of self in people with dementia living in residential care: A socio-biographical approach. Social Science Medicine 62, 1720-1730.

Free Essays on Endangered Species - American Crocodile

Endangered Species Paper The definition of an endangered species according to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is one that is in danger of extinction throughout all or most of its range of habitat. The only exception to this definition is in regards to insects that are considered pests and would represent a threat to the well being of humans under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act. The Endangered Species Act protects species classified as endangered from being hunted, imported, exported, sold, or threatened by other means. In addition to the protection the FWS also develops recovery plans for the species in which they work to re-establish the species in its natural habitat to a point where protection under the ESA is no longer needed. The American crocodile was first listed as endangered on September 25, 1975. The only place that it can be found in the U.S. is in the wetlands of Florida. American crocodiles live in areas where fresh and salt water mix together, such as coastal wetlands and canals. Crocodiles are large primitive looking reptiles with long bodies covered in jagged, leathery skin. They are closely related to the alligator and can be distinguished by a longer more slender snout, also they are light gray or tan while alligators are dark gray or black. One important adaptation of the crocodile is the ability to survive in waters of high salt concentration. American crocodiles eat a variety of crabs, fish, waterfowl, and small mammals. Their wide selection of prey constitutes them as a generalist in that regard. As babies crocodiles are vulnerable to many predators such as raccoons, birds, fish, and other crocodiles. Most hatchlings are eaten before they reach adult size. As adults crocodiles are at the top of their food chain and are threatened for the most part only by humans. Because of its wide selection of food crocodiles face little competition besides perhaps from the alligators who oft... Free Essays on Endangered Species - American Crocodile Free Essays on Endangered Species - American Crocodile Endangered Species Paper The definition of an endangered species according to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is one that is in danger of extinction throughout all or most of its range of habitat. The only exception to this definition is in regards to insects that are considered pests and would represent a threat to the well being of humans under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act. The Endangered Species Act protects species classified as endangered from being hunted, imported, exported, sold, or threatened by other means. In addition to the protection the FWS also develops recovery plans for the species in which they work to re-establish the species in its natural habitat to a point where protection under the ESA is no longer needed. The American crocodile was first listed as endangered on September 25, 1975. The only place that it can be found in the U.S. is in the wetlands of Florida. American crocodiles live in areas where fresh and salt water mix together, such as coastal wetlands and canals. Crocodiles are large primitive looking reptiles with long bodies covered in jagged, leathery skin. They are closely related to the alligator and can be distinguished by a longer more slender snout, also they are light gray or tan while alligators are dark gray or black. One important adaptation of the crocodile is the ability to survive in waters of high salt concentration. American crocodiles eat a variety of crabs, fish, waterfowl, and small mammals. Their wide selection of prey constitutes them as a generalist in that regard. As babies crocodiles are vulnerable to many predators such as raccoons, birds, fish, and other crocodiles. Most hatchlings are eaten before they reach adult size. As adults crocodiles are at the top of their food chain and are threatened for the most part only by humans. Because of its wide selection of food crocodiles face little competition besides perhaps from the alligators who oft...

Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Argument - Essay Example For example, CI requires that a rational individual is moral if the end of their actions is to promote the good of all. Therefore, CI is the best theory in precisely articulating human reasoning and decision making, and relating these to free human will compared to other decision theories. Moral actions are indicative of rationality, with an immoral action indicating irrationality in an individual. A moral action has to be universal in that it has to stand true in any event anywhere. For example, stealing is immoral; it causes pain to the owner while it may result to pleasure in the one stealing. Causing pain is immoral as it leads to suffering, implying that such an act when committed by a rational being would be immoral. Stealing is thus a crime universally as it violates CI theory, which is a universal law of morals. Being a universal law, Kantian CI becomes the best theory that explains why individuals have to decide in a certain way. For example, considering the relational Diale cts theory in a similar case, the theory requires us to consider issues around us, which help people to construct meaning in any relation. Thus the theory is based on specific circumstances as it requires one to consider cultural and social rational systems. This implies the theory applies to multicultural diversity (Turner, 2004). Thus stealing according to this theory may be justified in some cases as it directs people to construct certain meanings in a specific setting of relationships. On the other hand, the how we decide theory is largely based on observable behavior from outside as one cannot access the mind of the individual. For example, asking why does a an individual steal would lead to detailed examinations of their behaviors and history in finding elements that may explain such behaviors in deciding if the individual is actually on the wrong. Such an observation may sometimes be inaccurate and may lead to a wrong conclusion. Therefore, the advantage of CI theory is that it is based on a universal law and is not relative as the other two theories, which depend on specific circumstances. The issue of personal freedom in making a decision is of much importance, and precisely bestows the responsibility of an action on the particular individual. As Kant’s CI theory explains, freedom is an important element in reasoning, whose function cannot be ignored. Thus, without assuming freedom, an individual cannot act (McCormick, 2005). In other words, an individual is not a robot or causal agent that only serves to implement orders. Thinking in such direction would deny humanity its own existence and purpose. Freedom is thus a central focus in decision making and reasoning; an individual is at will to decide in any direction. In this theory, Kant places the consequence of each action on the specific individual, and not on a system of events that may be explained to be the causal agents behind such an action. However, considering the how we decide theory, the major limitation is the assumption that humans are not rational. Thus, the theory traces human action not from the specific individual, but from a system of factors and history that plays to shape and define human actions. This would relegate humanity to being a causal agent that is not responsible for

Discuss healthcare systems organizational structure, financing, Assignment

Discuss healthcare systems organizational structure, financing, mission, vision, philosophy, and values - Assignment Example ciety as a whole and how the overall healthcare system is linked with other sectors of the economy to support and bolster the overall good of the society. (Skolnik, 2012, p.52) It is therefore clearly established that the overall goals, mission and vision of a healthcare system shall be focused upon delivering good health and generating and allocating financial resources fairly. The financial resources of the healthcare system therefore either are generated through the public funds or through public-private partnership arrangements along with self-funding through patients. It is however, critical to understand that overall organizational structure can also result into the restriction of the access to the healthcare providers. (Andersen, Vedsted, Olesen, Bro, & Ndergaard,2011). The concept of gatekeeping into the overall organizational structure of healthcare system is resulting into a change in the overall relationship between the healthcare providers and the patients. Since one of the components of the organizational structure is service delivery it is therefore critical that organizational structure shall not be the restricting factor in the overall delivery of efficient and effective healthcare services to the patients. Andersen, R. S., Vedsted, P., Olesen, F., Bro, F., & Ndergaard, J. S. (2011). Does the organizational structure of health care systems influence care-seeking decisions?A qualitative analysis of Danish cancer patients’ refl ections on care-seeking. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care,

Cuba and China Essay Example for Free

Cuba and China Essay Democracy, or the power of people, is rather old form of rule. While the word â€Å"democracy† originated in the Ancient Greece in 5th century BC, this form of rule had existed even before this, found in ancient India republics before 6th century BC. However, it was the city-state of Athens in the Ancient Greece that presented this word in the sense which resembles, in some features, the modern vision of democracy. In Athens, people had the right to vote, to take the most important decisions, influencing the political situation of their state. Of course, not all the population could vote – women and children could not vote as well as disabled people. In fact, only one forth or one sixth of the citizens of Athens could vote and participate in a political life of their state. However, it was the first form of democracy and it had many aspects in common with today’s notion of democracy. For example, all the citizens of Athens, poor or rich, powerful or powerless, had the right to vote, they were equal in this right. The democracy, in the form in which it existed in Athens and in the Ancient Greece, was not preserved until our time. Moreover, great changes took place in Europe in 18-19th centuries, in the form of revolutions. The right to vote and to participate in the political life of a state directly is not the main factor characterizing democracy in the modern world. Democracy in the modern sense includes such basic postulates as the basic freedoms: of speech, of expression, of the press, of association et cetera. The democracy in the western world is much more associated with the notion of free market and free trade. However, these preconditions are not exactly true for some countries, for example for China, where free market and free trade can coexist with the lack of democracy, where there are no basic freedoms (for example, the freedom of association – the assembly of Falun Gong in China was violently dispersed by police and banished for practicing in China). Cuba which has made some steps toward the free market economy, opening some part of its economy for the US dollars, does allow the internationally recognized organization of the Red Cross to its prisons, where political prisoners are kept in big numbers. The rule of Communist Party as the only party in the country is observed both in Cuba and in China. And this excludes another characteristic feature of democracy – pluralism, the possibility of many political parties to take part in the political life of the state. Before we proceed to explain the lack of democracy in Cuba and China, it is necessary to understand what democracy means and why China and Cuba should become democratic. In the twentieth century, democracy has gained such popularity that most world rulers describe their rule as democratic. However, most countries were not democratic, and some even became totalitarian. Generally speaking, the term â€Å"democracy† is misused in two ways. First, democracy is expanded into a laundry list that contains almost all kinds of good things. Second, democracy is modified by adding an adjective to the term. Since Western bourgeois democracy is the prototype of modern democracy, modifications are made along two lines. Either rulers characterize their systems not as bourgeois democracies, but as â€Å"people’s democracies,† â€Å"proletarian democracies,† or â€Å"socialist democracies,† or they emphasize local characteristics of their system, such as â€Å"Burmese type of democracy† or â€Å"African type of democracy. † What is democracy? Etymologically, the term means rule by the people. Democracy originated in Athens more than 2,500 years ago, when Cleisthenes allowed all citizens of Attica to preside over the affairs of the city. Athenian democracy took the form of direct democracy. Citizens, which excluded women, slaves, and resident aliens, participated directly in making laws. Moreover, regardless of their properties and talents, rulers were selected not by ballot but by lot. Not surprisingly, virtually all famous Greek scholars were no fans of democracy, regarding tyranny, oligarchy, and democracy as corrupt forms of government. Democracy includes two forms: popular sovereignty and individual liberty. This paper defines democracy in terms of political freedom, which involves both positive and negative aspects. Positive freedom refers to a situation in which people have the ability to participate in government; negative freedom means a situation in which people are free from arbitrary interference from government. Modern democracy adheres to the dual principles of popular sovereignty and individual liberty, but has its own distinctive features. Ideal as the principle of popular sovereignty may be, it is technically impossible to let the people in a nation-state decide everything. As a result, modern democracies are representative, not participatory (or direct). The principle of popular sovereignty in modern times hinges on two major mechanisms: the separation of powers and the competitive election. While the ruled choose their rulers during an election, rulers are mutually checked and balanced before and after the election. In determining the nature of a particular political system, the competitive election is more important than the separation of powers. A division of labor is employed in any government, particularly a modern one. Despite the importance of liberalism for modern democracy, popular sovereignty precedes individual liberty. Popular sovereignty talks about the purpose of government; individual liberty comprises the notion of government. The term that means â€Å"people† has undergone great changes in terms of class, education, gender, race, and age. Besides, individual liberty is historically and culturally specific. In the twentieth century, democracy and totalitarianism are regarded as two ends of the political spectrum. To put it in terms of ideal types, a government respecting both popular sovereignty and individual liberty is democratic; a government violating them is totalitarian. Falling somewhere in between, most systems are neither democratic nor totalitarian in the strictest sense of the terms. Some may respect popular sovereignty but violate individual liberty; others may violate popular sovereignty but respect individual liberty. Today’s Islamic Republic of Iran and eighteenth-century Britain are cited as respective examples of these two types. Throughout human history, not many regimes have ever been totalitarian and most have been authoritarian. Compared with totalitarian regimes, authoritarian regimes are less willing and less able to damage people’s rights and interests. The United States of America when compared to China or Cuba, presents the example of â€Å"democratic† democracy towards which China or Cuba should strive. Because now, when we took a closer look at the notion of democracy in the modern world, we are going to analyze the kind of democratic situation and democratic changes that took place in two of the most controversial countries in the world: China and Cuba. To reach conclusions as to the qualitative aspects of Cuban politics in the post-transition era, we will examine aspects of political culture as they relate to the formation and practices of civil society in democracy. From this angle one can interpret some key dimensions of politics in particular settings. Transition to democracy (and its consolidation) depends on a multiplicity of factors, including elite decisions, institutional arrangements, pacts between competing social actors, a constitution and organizations typical of liberal democracies, a favorable moment in world history, supportive international structures, and a measure of good luck. Political and economic factors also impinge on the likelihood of democratic transitions and survival. But political and economic factors determine neither transition to democracy nor democratic stability. The impact of the economy on democracy is not automatic, unidirectional, or necessarily predictable. According to Mattiace and Camp (1996), democracy is the product of multiple causes working together. In contexts where the system confronts unresolved foundational issues and consensus is elusive – on such matters as how the political community is defined, who has authority, what the rules of the game are – political questions become an affair of the heart, lending themselves less to compromise and pragmatism. As a result, democracy tends to be endangered, particularly in places where institutional democratic norms are weak and personalism is high. This is likely to occur in Cuba after Fidel Castro (as it has before and during the socialist years). Though democracy will be established in Cuba sometime in the future, Cuban democracy will not conform to normative models of liberal democracy. Democracy in the way it is in Cuba will be characterized by features of incivility in civil society. The democracy that is most likely to emerge on the island will be far from perfect, will share striking continuities with the past, and will dash the hopes of many who dream of democracy. The cynicism about democracy also has a long genealogy in Cuban intellectual history. As far back as the nineteenth century cultural pessimists on the island have remarked on the frustration that has followed modern projects of independence, nationalism, republicanism, and democracy. Democratic aspirations have a long history on the island, as long as the trajectory of their frustration. The notion is not as alien to Cuban soil as many believe (Dealy, 1996)

Religion Essay -- Morality

While the degree of religious fervor has flourished and waned in various civilizations, religion itself has never ceased to be a point of interest. At times, it has enjoyed effusive praise while at other times it has met cold reception. Religion as explored in Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert and The Stranger by Albert Camus is openly criticized. Under the harsh, bald statements of realism, religion loses its ethereal wonder and under the hostile stare of absurdism, religion renounces its meaning. Flaubert’s protagonist, Emma, and his other characters more often than not possess only a superficial understanding of faith, essentially precluding any of religion’s positive impact. Meanwhile, Camus derides religion as a futile endeavor in an indifferent world and casts an unfriendly light on the religious magistrate, who is juxtaposed with the protagonist, Meursault. Thus, Camus depicts the futile proselytizing of an absurdist man, who disregards religion, while Flaubert illustrates the failure of religion to save a woman consumed by romanticism. In both cases, religion is criticized for falling short of delivering its purported salvation. Morality, the pride of religious followers, is much heralded as a virtue, yet Camus and Flaubert depict a different reality where religion fails to prevent immorality, much less promote morality. Camus calls into question the definition of â€Å"morality†: on what basis are other people deemed to be moral or immoral? on whose consensus is that morality then heralded? From the prosecutor’s point of view, the fact that Meursault â€Å"hadn’t wanted to see Maman, that [he] hadn’t cried once† during her funeral is sufficient evidence to condemn him (Camus 89). As the title of the book The Stranger suggests... ...bert unflinchingly peels back the social niceties to display religion as it has evolved into an inadequate, superficial interest for his characters. As represented in both books, religion is more a distraction than a panacea for life’s hurdles. It fails to moderate the passion of Emma, who clings to religion with the same pitiful desperation as she did with her affairs. Meursault refuses to conform to any sort of religious nexus and in the process, ironically opening himself up to the hostility of the world and die joyfully. While the defiance of Meursault against religion results in his absurdist happiness, the turmoil of Emma’s life, caused by her romantic urges, her encumbered social position, and the repeated failures of religion, end in death by rat poison. Two deaths thus signify very different lives, but religion as found in both texts is condemned.

Comparing web applications Essay

It’s the technology used for how web browsers submit forms and interact with programs on the server. It’s used for simple interactive applications and can be used with any programming language. CGI applications are often called â€Å"CGI Scripts†, they run in the server not in the web browser, and they must follow server requirements for running applications. ISAPI: It’s an N-tier API of IIS and consists of two components: extensions and filters. These are the only two types of applications that can be developed using ISAPI, they must be compiled into DLL files which are then registered with IIS to be run on the web server. ISAPI extensions are true applications that run on IIS, ISAPI filters are used to modify or enhance the functionality provided by IIS. SSI: It is a tool that you can use to eliminate repetitive types of information on your web pages. It is a file the server includes in a web page before sending it out to a browser. It uses headers, navigation panels, and footers. It’s useful because you only need to change one file and every web page using that element picks up the update. ASP: This technology allows a web server to change the information that is  presented to the visitor in a website based on different criteria. It is a scripting language that is embedded in a code on the page that the web server can look at to change the information on the webpage. It works similar to HTML. ASP.NET: ASP.NET is a web application framework developed by Microsoft to build dynamic data driven Web applications and Web services. ASP.NET is a subset of .NET framework, a framework is a collection of classes, and ASP.NET is the successor to classic ASP. ASP.NET web pages, known officially as Web Forms, are the main building blocks for application development, and these web forms are contained in files with a â€Å".aspx† extension. References: Zacker, C. (2009). Lesson 7: Deploying Web Applications. Windows server 2008 applications infrastructure configuration (70-643) (). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. http://itt.coursesmart.com/9781118550861/firstsection#X2ludGVybmFsX0J2ZGVwRmxhc2hSZWFkZXI/eG1saWQ9OTc4MTExODU1MDg2MS8xMTc Internet Server Application Programming Interface. (2014, July 5). Wikipedia. Retrieved May 12, 2014, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Server_Application_Programming_Interface